In a word - yes! A license is necessary now to fish in both saltwater and freshwater. It is illegal to fish or hunt without one, so be sure you see to it before you start out. The license must be carried with you at all times, along with your personal identification.
The requirement and prices for fishing licenses vary from state to state, so you'll need to check with your County Council regarding details. In some states anyone under the age of 13 and over 65 doesn't need a license, while in others the minimum age is 17. In some cases, you still need to have the license but you don't need to pay a fee for it. It is possible to send away for a fishing license by mail, but you need to give a description of yourself, like hair and eye color. You can also download and print out the application for a fishing license, then all you need to do is pop it into the mail with your check.
There are often discounts or free licenses available for those who are disabled war veterans, blind, mentally challenged if also on Social Security benefits, landowners who may or may not be living on their land and those making a living from the land even if they don't own it.
The prices for most fishing licenses are quite reasonable, usually well under $20.00, and the replacement fee after the initial cost is lower. A license for one state won't cover you in another state.
There is good news. If you go out on a charter fishing boat, you won't need a license. The owner of the charter service must purchase the necessary license to run his business. So if you are thinking of starting up a charter service, you must also hold a Commercial fishing Guide License before you will be able to purchase the individual licenses necessary for your passengers.
Fishing licenses may be purchased for one day only, one week only one season or a whole year, for varying prices, the day only naturally being the cheapest.
Crabbing licenses are also required if you intend to go crabbing. If you already have a fishing license, you will still need a crabbing license, but the cost will be minimal. You need to use the specified gear to go crabbing. In some cases, a fishing license will need to be stamped to allow you to fish for trout.
It is now the law that all persons who have a Social Security number must provide it when applying for a fishing license, otherwise the application will be refused. some states have a special day or week that is classed as a free fishing time. If you only fish during this time, you don't need a license.